Leona Vicario

Maria de la Soledad Camila Leona Vicario Fernández de San Salvador and Montiel de Quintana Roo (b. Mexico City , Mexico , the 10 of April of 1789 † Mexico City , Mexico , the 21 of August of 1842 ) was born within a wealthy Creole family. Bereft of both parents at the age of eighteen, why was the care of his uncle Agustin Fernandez de San Salvador, which also served as executor .

By this time he met Andrés Quintana Roo , law clerk who worked in the office of his uncle. Both were lovers, and Andrew asked Leona hand, obtaining the refusal of his uncle, by the difference in ideologies. This motivated Leone to leave home to join Quintana Roo in participating in the insurgency. Vicario moved to the town of Tacuba , where he formed a group of women who supported the cause of independence.

Leona Vicario with his own fortune financed the insurgency. He served as courier for the rebels, who served as a spy in Mexico City - along with others in a secret organization called the Guadalupe - until he was imprisoned on January 13th of 1813 to be discovered their participation in independence conspiracies. She was sentenced to be confined in the convent of Bethlehem in the Mochas, Mexico City. In May 1813, three insurgents disguised colonial army officers helped her escape route to Tlalpujahua , Michoacán , where he eventually married Andres Quintana Roo.

Although Leona Vicario, Quintana Roo her husband and their newborn daughter Genevieve were captured by the Royalist troops in 1818 , were later released, by granting pardons and exile to Spain.

Leona Vicario died in Mexico City on 21 of August of 1842 . Meritorious and sweet declared Mother of the Nation on the 25th of the month and year was the only woman in Mexico that has been offered a state funeral. His remains rested, first in the Pantheon of Santa Paula, later, on May 28, 1900 were taken along with her husband Andrés Quintana Roo, the Rotunda of Illustrious Persons of the Panteón Civil de Dolores , until his transfer to Column of Independence in 1925 . On May 30, 2010, were transferred to the Museo Nacional de Historia (Castillo de Chapultepec) for preservation, analysis and authentication. Subsequently, on 15 August of that year, were taken to the National Palace to be placed in the National Gallery as part of the exhibition Mexico 200 years, the Building of the Fatherland. His name is inscribed in gold letters on the Wall of Honor San Lázaro Legislative Palace , seat of Congress . Similarly, his name has been been engraved in letters of gold in the Congress of the state of Quintana Roo in Chetumal.

Jose Maria Morelos y Pavon

José María Morelos

Pérez José María Morelos y Pavón Teclo ( Valladolid , Michoacán , September 30 of 1765 - Ecatepec , Mexico State , December 22 of 1815 ) was a priest and military insurgent Mexican , who organized and was the architect of the second phase ( 1811 - 1815 ) of the War of Independence from Mexico . Born in Valladolid, and studied during the early years of his life with his maternal grandfather. In 1789 , he entered the seminary of Valladolid, where he graduated in 1795 . In 1799 , he was appointed pastor of Caracuaro , where he remained until 1810 .

It was commissioned by Miguel Hidalgo , on October 20 of 1810 on Charo (Michoacán) , as rebel leader in southern Mexico, charged with making major towns and cut off communication with the countries of East Asia and its main mandates was to take Acapulco , considered strategic for the communication of the New Spain .

From 1811 until the beginning of his military decline in 1814 , Morelos, helped many lieutenants, succeeded in conquering most of southern and part of the center in the region of the current state of Morelos , where he developed between the February 9 and May 2 of 1812 , its most famous military action, the Siege of Cuautla , in the eponymous town , which became the main enemy of the royal army .

He also organized the Congress of Anahuac , the first legislative body in Mexican history, whose sessions were held in Chilpancingo (current state of Guerrero ) during September and November of 1813 . There Morelos submitted Feelings of the Nation . Congress approved the October 22 of 1814 , in Apatzingan, the first Constitution of Mexico, Morelos but then said "bad as unworkable."

After several defeats, was captured on November 5 of 1815 in Temalaca, by Colonel Manuel de la Concha, was tried by the Inquisition , and finally shot, the December 22 of 1815 .

Josefa Ortiz de Dominguez

Josefa Ortiz de Dominguez

Maria de la Concepcion Josefa Ortiz Mago better known as Doña Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez September 8 of 1768 - March 20 of 1829 ) was one of the participants in the conspiracy of Querétaro . His parents were Pedro Ortiz-captain of the regiment of the Greens and Manuela. Born in La Nueva Valladolid (now Morelia ). His father was killed in his duty, when Josefa was just a child. His mother died shortly thereafter. Thus, the magistrate of Querétaro would be left in charge of her older sister, Maria Sotero Ortiz, Josefa who supported to enter the prestigious College of the Vizcaínas of Mexico City . She married Miguel Domínguez , a frequent visitor of the college, in the year 1791. In 1802 Miguel Dominguez was promoted by the viceroy of New Spain for the post of mayor of the city of Santiago de Queretaro . During that time, Dona Josefa took care of the housework and care of the education of his two sons, incurred in a previous marriage of her husband, which is said had deceived the priest Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, but really not tested.

Doña Josefa was identified with the abuse suffered by the community of Creole by the Spaniards, as they called the Spanish born in the peninsula itself was a Creole. The Creoles were considered second-class citizens by the colonial regime, by virtue of being born in New Spain (a colony) and not in the metropolis. Therefore, were relegated to second-level posts in public administration of the viceroyalty. This created great discontent over the years, and the natives began to organize literary groups which spread the ideas of the Enlightenment , banned by the Catholic Church . Doña Josefa was integrated into one of these companies, and convinced her husband afterwards, to join her as well.

After planning, the rebels were ready to revolt on October 1810. However, on September 13 were discovered by an infiltrator, who informed the authorities of the viceroyalty of the activities of the literary group of Queretaro. The mayor Miguel Dominguez was forced to conduct a raid on the homes of the city, in order to capture insurgent leaders. To protect it, the magistrate locked in a locked room. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Josefa Ortiz de Dominguez could see the priest of Dolores, Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, sounding one of his shoes against the floor, Mayor Don Ignacio Perez heard the call and she noticed mandated the priest of Dolores Guanajuato, that the conspiracy had been discovered. That was why the priest Don Miguel Guanajuato Dolores Hidalgo Y Costilla summoned the people to take up arms early on September 16 of 1810 , which began the war by the (independence of Mexico)

Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla

Miguel Gregorio Antonio Ignacio Hidalgo y Costilla Gallaga send Villaseñor (Hacienda de Corralejo near Pénjamo today Guanajuato , May 8 of 1753 - Chihuahua , Chihuahua , July 30 of 1811 ) was a military priest and said in the first stage of the War of Independence of Mexico , which began with an act known in historiography as Mexican Grito de Dolores . He directed the first part of the independence movement, but after a series of defeats was captured on March 21 , 1811 and taken prisoner to the city of Chihuahua, where he was tried and executed on July 30.

In June of 1765 Miguel Hidalgo and his brother Jose Joaquin went on to study at Colegio de San Nicolás Obispo , located in Valladolid , capital of the province of Michoacan . The school had been founded in 1547 by Antonio de Mendoza y Pacheco , the first viceroy of New Spain , who gave the university and the building that housed members of the Society of Jesus , who instituted chairs of Latin , law and priestly studies. It was in this house where the brothers Hidalgo studied until 1767 .

On June 25th of 1767 the Jesuits were expelled from the territories of the Spanish Empire on the orders of Spain's King Carlos III , and his minister, the Conde de Floridablanca . The school was closed a few months and in December resumed classes.

In this institution, Hidalgo studied Latin letters, he read classical authors like Cicero and Ovid , and others like St. Jerome and Virgil . At seventeen years old and was a teacher in philosophy and theology , so his friends and fellow students earned the nickname "El Zorro", showing the shrewdness in intellectual games. He learned the French language and read Molière , author who years later represented at the conference that he organized theatrical being parish priest of Dolores . Thanks to the contact he had with his farm workers in its infancy, most of them indigenous, Hidalgo learned many of the indigenous languages spoken in New Spain , principally Otomi , Nahuatl and Purépecha , as the area was one of the Pénjamo regions with the greatest diversity of indigenous groups and contact between the native world and Spanish. All this knowledge allowed Miguel Hidalgo teach Latin and philosophy while continuing their studies. Once completed, he worked at his alma mater from 1782 to 1792 , often as treasurer, others as a teacher and since 1788 as rector.

The French invasion of Spain , in 1808 , produced in the viceroyalty the 1808 political crisis in Mexico , characterized by the overthrow of Iturrigaray at the hands of the Spanish, followed by the capture and execution of policy related to the ideas of independence, as Primo Francisco Truth and Ramos and the friar Peruvian Melchor de Talamantes . Instead he became a military Iturrigaray Alcala , Pedro de Garibay , who in May of 1809 was replaced by the Archbishop of Mexico , Francisco Xavier de Lizana y Beaumont . In December of that same year he discovered the Conspiracy of Valladolid , conspiracy whose sole purpose was to create a board to govern the viceroyalty in the absence of Ferdinand VII , prisoner in Bayonne . The culprits were arrested and sentenced to death, but the Archbishop Viceroy spared them lifers, why Lizana was dismissed in April of 1810 by the Board of Sevilla . As a new viceroy was appointed a military participant in the Battle of Bailen , Lieutenant Colonel Francisco Xavier Venegas de Saavedra .

When Andalusia fell into French hands in the spring of 1810 all over Spain and was in the hands of Napoleon's army. The Archdiocese of Zaragoza , in charge of religious affairs across the metropolis, he ordered the priests of the whole empire to preach against Napoleon. Hidalgo followed this order. Meanwhile, in Querétaro was brewing a conspiracy organized by the Mayor Miguel Dominguez and his wife Josefa Ortiz de Dominguez , and also involved the military Ignacio Allende , Juan Aldama and Mariano Abasolo . Allende was commissioned to convince Hill to join his movement, the priest of Dolores was friendly with influential figures around the Bajio and even the New Spain, Juan Antonio Riaño , intendant of Guanajuato , and Manuel Abad y Queipo , bishop of Michoacán . For these reasons it was felt that Hill could be a good leader of the movement. Hill agreed, and stood as the starting date for the motion on December 1 , day of the Virgen de San Juan de los Lagos , where many Spanish people gathered to trade at a fair near Querétaro. Allende later proposed to do the October 2 , for military and strategic issues.